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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Epigenetics in insects ： ウィキペディア英語版 Epigenetics in insects Epigenetic mechanisms are regulatory mechanisms, which change expression levels of genes. A number of mechanims are referred to as epigenetic mechanisms, which include DNA methylation, Histone modifications and non-coding RNAs. Epigenetic mechanisms play a role in processes like development, learning and memory formation, aging, diseases, cell differentiation and genome defence. ==DNA methylation== DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism. It is a chemical modification of the DNA where a methyl group is attached to cytosine. This modification is set by DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts). There are three known types of DNA methyltransferases in mammals. Those DNA methyltransferases are present in insects as well, although it varies between different species which specific Dnmt types are present. It still is a matter of discussion what the specific role of DNA methylation in insects is, as some insects such as ''Drosophila melanogaster'' just have traces of DNA methylation in their genome and in general insect genomes are much less methylated compared to mammalian genomes (0.034% vs. 7.6% in Mus musculus).〔Capuano, F; Muelleder, M; Kok, R. M.; Blom, H. J.; Ralser, M (2014). "Cytosine DNA methylation is found in Drosophila melanogaster but absent in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and other yeast species". Analytical Chemistry: 140318143747008. 〕 In a comparison of different insect species and their respective methylation levels, there was a clear relationship between cell turn over and DNA methylation, but not between genome size or the number of repetitive sequences and DNA methylation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Epigenetics in insects」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.